Limiting government by dividing it into two levels (national and state), each with sufficient independence to compete with the other, is called

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Federalism is the system in which power is divided between a central (national) government and regional (state) governments, with each having autonomy and authority over certain areas of governance. This system is designed to limit the power of the central government and prevent it from becoming too dominant, while also ensuring that smaller states and regions have a say in the decisions that affect them. Separation of powers refers to the division of government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches, while representation and checks and balances are other important principles of democratic governance that help prevent the concentration of power in any one branch or level of government.

Limiting Government by Dividing It into Two Levels (National and State)