In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court ruled that schools segregated by race were unconstitutional. In response, some states opposed to desegregation passed laws to prevent the desegregation of schools. However, the Supreme Court again ruled in Cooper v. Aaron (1958) that its 1954 decision was binding on all states, regardless of conflicting state laws. Which clause in the Constitution allowed the Supreme Court to make this 1958 ruling?

Question

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The Supremacy Clause (Article VI, Clause 2) establishes that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties are the supreme law of the land, and that state laws or constitutions cannot conflict with them. Therefore, the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education was binding on all states, and state laws attempting to prevent desegregation were unconstitutional. Cooper v. Aaron affirmed this principle and reinforced the power of the Supreme Court to interpret the Constitution and establish federal supremacy over state law.

In Brown V