Transformational leadership is positively associated with all the following EXCEPT

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Transformational leaders, in one description, "engender trust, seek to develop leadership in others, exhibit self-sacrifice, and serve as moral agents, focusing themselves and followers on objectives that transcend the more immediate needs of the work group." Whereas transactional leaders try to get people to do ordinary things, transformational leaders encourage their people to do exceptional things-significantly higher levels of intrinsic motivation, trust, commitment, and loyalty-that can produce significant organizational change and results.

Transformational Leadership Is Positively Associated with All the Following EXCEPT