When a covered entity conducts clinical research involving protected health information (PHI), dental hygienists-investigators must understand the HIPAA privacy rules' restrictions on the use and disclosure of patients' PHI, such as information from a patient's medical chart or test results, as well as an individual's billing information for medical services rendered, when that information is held or transmitted by an entity. PHI also includes identifiable health information about subjects of clinical research gathered by a researcher who is a health care provider.

Question

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The first statement is true as covered entities conducting clinical research involving PHI must adhere to HIPAA privacy rules, and dental hygienists-investigators must understand these restrictions. The second statement is also true as PHI encompasses a wide range of health information, including information from medical charts or test results, as well as billing information for medical services rendered, and identifiable health information gathered by researchers who are healthcare providers.

When a Covered Entity Conducts Clinical Research Involving Protected Health