Select the microscopic elements that could be found in normal or abnormal urinary sediment: Hyaline cases (20 to 30/lpf).

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A few RBCs are present in the urine of healthy persons.The number varies,but generally 5 or fewer RBCs per hpf in the concentrated sediment is considered normal.
 The presence of a few white blood cells (WBCs)or leukocytes in the concentrated urine sediment is normal.Reference values vary,but more than a few (as many as five WBCs/hpf)is considered abnormal.
 A few squamous epithelial cells are seen in most urine specimens.Renal epithelial cells are the single layer of cells that line the nephron from the proximal to the distal convoluted tubules,plus the cells lining the collecting ducts to the pelvis of the kidney.Their occurrence in urine is important,for it implies a serious pathological condition and destruction of renal tubules,as does the presence of epithelial casts.
 Most urine specimens contain at least a few bacteria because of contamination when the urine is voided.Bacteria multiply rapidly when urine stands at room temperature.In specimens that are obtained in a manner suitable for urine culture and kept under sterile conditions,the presence of bacteria may indicate a urinary tract infection.
 Simple hyaline casts are the least important clinically,and a few (<2 per low-power field [lpf])may be seen in urine from healthy persons.Simple hyaline casts may be seen in increased numbers after strenuous exercise; however,the sediment returns to normal in 24 to 48 hours.They may be seen in large numbers (20 or 30/lpf)in moderate or severe renal disease.

Select the Microscopic Elements That Could Be Found in Normal