Question 1

How do children with bipolar disorders differ from children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Providing low doses of antipsychotic medication to youths at risk for schizophrenia who had not yet shown psychotic symptoms made it significantly less likely for them to develop psychotic symptoms-however,many patients were unable or unwilling to adhere to the prescribed medication for a full 12 months.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the findings of a study on the use of low-dose antipsychotic medication in at-risk youth. While the medication was effective in reducing the risk of developing psychotic symptoms, adherence to the treatment was a challenge for some patients.

Question 3

A person can be diagnosed with schizophrenia even if he or she has no delusions or hallucinations.

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia can manifest in a variety of symptoms beyond just delusions or hallucinations, including disorganized thinking and speech, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, and other cognitive impairments. A diagnosis of schizophrenia is based on a pattern of these symptoms lasting for at least six months and causing significant impairment in daily functioning.

Question 4

No atypical antipsychotics are officially approved for use in those under the age of 18.

Accepted Answer

Some atypical antipsychotics have been approved by the FDA for use in children and adolescents with certain conditions, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. However, this approval is typically limited to specific age ranges and conditions, and use in children and adolescents remains controversial due to potential long-term side effects.

Question 5

Bipolar disorder cannot be comorbid with ADHD.

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorder and ADHD can co-occur, and it is not uncommon for individuals to have both conditions.

Question 6

Prodromal and early psychotic symptoms can be identified in adolescents.

Accepted Answer

Research supports the identification of prodromal and early psychotic symptoms in adolescents. Early detection and intervention can improve the long-term outcome for individuals with psychosis.

Question 7

What might explain the premorbid stage of schizophrenia? What does its existence tell us about the causes of the disorder?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Ricardo says,"I hate my schizophrenia.I've heard people talk about positive and negative symptoms,but to me they're all negative." How might you address Ricardo's misconception?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Explain the neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Research has indicated that providing low doses of antipsychotics and other measures to youths at greater risk of schizophrenia can reduce the emergence of the disorder.Are there any downsides to this approach?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Most adults with bipolar disorders report that their symptoms began in childhood or adolescence.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that approximately 60-70% of adults with bipolar disorder report that their first symptoms appeared in childhood or adolescence.

Question 12

How might youths with bipolar disorders actually increase the number of stressful life events and scarcity of positive life evens they experience?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Can an individual be diagnosed with schizophrenia if he or she never experienced delusions or hallucinations? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Adults with bipolar disorders can be triggered into relapse by positive life events such as marriage or changing to a better job.

Accepted Answer

Positive life events can cause individuals with bipolar disorder to experience a shift in mood and potentially trigger a relapse. This phenomenon is known as a "positive life event trigger".

Question 15

Almost no children and adolescents treated with atypical antipsychotics experience side effects.

Accepted Answer

While atypical antipsychotics may have a lower incidence of side effects compared to older antipsychotics, most children and adolescents treated with them may still experience some degree of side effects. Common side effects include weight gain, sedation, and metabolic changes. It is important to regularly monitor for side effects and adjust medication as needed.

Question 16

Treatment via multifamily psychoeducational psychotherapy during the prodromal phase may prevent or delay the onset of bipolar disorders.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that early intervention with multifamily psychoeducational psychotherapy during the prodromal phase may prevent or delay the onset of bipolar disorders.

Question 17

The dopamine hypothesis holds that excessive stimulation of D2 dopamine receptors along the mesocortical pathway results in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

The dopamine hypothesis holds that excessive stimulation of D2 dopamine receptors along the mesolimbic pathway results in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions.

Question 18

What is the evidence that genetics does not entirely account for schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Lithium is usually regarded as a first-line treatment for youths with bipolar disorders.

Accepted Answer

Lithium is often considered a first-line treatment for adults with bipolar disorder, but in youths, the approach can vary and may include other mood stabilizers or antipsychotic medications due to concerns about lithium's side effects and the need for regular blood monitoring.

Quiz 14: Pediatric Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia