Question 1

While at a Mexican restaurant, an attractive waitress asks Raul what kind of beer he would like. Instead of saying, "Dos Equis," he says, "Dos sexy." This accidental slip of the tongue could best be explained as

Accepted Answer

This slip of the tongue is a Freudian slip, named after Sigmund Freud. It is a verbal or memory lapse that is thought to reveal an unconscious belief, thought or emotion that the person speaking is not aware of. In this case, Raul may have some unconscious attraction to the waitress and his slip of the tongue revealed this desire.

Question 2

A person who is taking the TAT is provided with ambiguous

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) involves providing individuals with ambiguous pictures about which they are asked to tell a story, reflecting their own perceptions, emotions, and thoughts.

Question 3

Jung disagreed with Freud's overemphasis on ________ and Freud's failure to consider ________.

Accepted Answer

Jung believed that while sexuality was important, it should not be the sole focus of psychology. Instead, he emphasized spirituality and the exploration of the unconscious mind, which Freud did not fully consider.

Question 4

Freud's influence is still evident today in

Accepted Answer

Freud's theories on the power of the unconscious mind and subconscious motivations have greatly influenced the field of advertising and marketing. Advertisers use techniques such as appealing to emotion, creating subconscious desires, and associating products with certain images or lifestyles, all of which can be traced back to the ideas of Freud. However, his influence in fields such as holistic medicine, parapsychology, and dietary choices is quite limited or insignificant. The idea of pseudoscience may be associated with Freud's theories, but it is not a direct influence.

Question 5

Freud is to sexuality as Jung is to

Accepted Answer

Jung is often associated with spirituality and the collective unconscious, while Freud is known for his work on sexuality and the unconscious mind.

Question 6

The concept of psychic determinism suggests that

Accepted Answer

Psychic determinism suggests that all behaviors are determined by internal mental states, such as unconscious desires or conflicts. It does not account for situational variables, reinforcement, or observational learning, and it implies that there is little room for randomness or accidents in human behavior.

Question 7

Carl Jung's term for the part of our personality that Freud referred to as the id was the

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung referred to the part of our personality that Freud called the id as the personal unconscious. However, it is important to note that Jung had significant disagreements with Freud's conception of the id, and developed his own theories about the structure and dynamics of the psyche.

Question 8

Which personality test relies on the interpretation of inkblots to understand personality?

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach test, also known as the inkblot test, is a personality test that involves interpreting individuals' perceptions of inkblots.

Question 9

Which of the following is a projective test?

Accepted Answer

The Rorschach is a projective test that asks the respondent to describe what they see in a series of inkblots, which are expected to reveal their unconscious thoughts and attitudes. The other options listed (MMPI-2, 16PF, NEO-PI-R, and CPI) are all self-report personality inventories, which ask respondents to indicate their own traits, beliefs, and behaviors.

Question 10

Psychic determinism assumes that all mental and behavioral reactions are determined by

Accepted Answer

Psychic determinism assumes that behavior is determined by unconscious memories, desires, or conflicts.

Question 11

Jung's concept of the personal unconscious most resembles the concept of

Accepted Answer

The personal unconscious, according to Jung, contains repressed and forgotten material specific to an individual, much like Freud's concept of the id. Therefore, the best choice is E, the id.

Question 12

Freudian slips are believed to reveal

Accepted Answer

Freudian slips are believed to reveal unconscious conflicts or desires, rather than brain dysfunctions, speech problems, mental retardation, or physical hunger. These slips of the tongue occur when an individual accidentally substitutes a word or phrase with one that is related to their unconscious thoughts, revealing their underlying desires or fears.

Question 13

Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind, the personal and the

Accepted Answer

Jung believed that there were two levels to the unconscious mind - the personal unconscious, which contained all the experiences and memories that were unique to an individual, and the collective unconscious, which contained universal archetypes and symbolic material that was inherited from past generations of human evolution.

Question 14

Freudian theory

Accepted Answer

Freudian theory is based on psychoanalysis, which focuses on the unconscious mind and past experiences. While it can provide insight into why a person may behave in a certain way, it is not always accurate in predicting future behavior. Additionally, not all of Freud's colleagues accepted his theories, and humanistic and client-centered approaches are actually considered to be in opposition to Freudian theory. Finally, while Freudian theory has had an impact on psychology, it is no longer the dominant approach and is not universally accepted.

Question 15

Your teacher organizes a debate on Freudian theory. You are assigned to be on the anti-Freud side and, therefore, must point out problems in the theory. Which of the following will be at the top of your list?

Accepted Answer

Freudian concepts are difficult to test, which makes them less reliable as a scientific theory. The concepts such as the Oedipus Complex, the id, ego, and superego, and the stages of psychosexual development cannot be measured objectively, making it difficult to provide evidence for their validity. Therefore, it is reasonable to be skeptical about the accuracy of Freudian theory.

Question 16

The ________ is a projective test that stands on firmer scientific ground than the "inkblot" test.

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is considered to have more scientific validity than the Rorschach inkblot test, as it is based on storytelling and interpretation of ambiguous images.

Question 17

Which term was given to psychoanalysts who broke away from strict interpretation of Freud's theory and developed theories of their own that were based upon Freud's work?

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudians were psychoanalysts who built on Freud's theories but also developed their own ideas, such as Carl Jung's concept of the collective unconscious and Alfred Adler's individual psychology. "Retro-Freudians" and "anti-Freudians" suggest a rejection of Freud's ideas, while "nouveau-Freudians" and "counter-Freudians" are not commonly used terms in psychology.

Question 18

Cheri went to see a psychologist, who showed her several detailed black and white pictures and asked her to explain what was going on in them. The psychologist was using the

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) involves showing individuals ambiguous pictures and asking them to create a story or narrative about what is happening in the image. This helps the psychologist gain insight into the individual's unconscious thoughts and motivations.

Question 19

Which psychological test asks the subject to tell a story based on a picture of one or more people in which it is unclear what is going on?

Accepted Answer

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) involves presenting the subject with a series of ambiguous pictures and asking them to tell a story about what is happening. The test is designed to give insight into the subject's personality, motivations, and thought processes. The Rorschach test involves presenting the subject with inkblots and asking them to describe what they see. The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) are personality tests that use self-reported questionnaires, while the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) categorizes individuals based on their preferences in four key areas. None of these tests involve telling a story based on an ambiguous picture.

Question 20

What is one criticism of Rorschach tests?

Accepted Answer

One common criticism of Rorschach tests is that they have low validity and reliability, meaning that they may not accurately measure what they are intended to measure and may not consistently produce the same results. This has led to some controversy over their use in psychological assessment.

Quiz 10: Personality: Theories of the Whole Person