The Use of Deception in a Research Study Only Permissible

The use of deception in a research study only permissible when

A) being straightforward about study goals would likely cause physical or emotional distress.
B) participants are informed about the purpose of the study.
C) it is justified by the potential benefit of the study and the use of nondeceptive procedures is not feasible.
D) the study is conducted by a professional researcher.