In a randomized controlled trial

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In a randomized controlled trial, participants are randomly assigned to one of two or more treatment conditions. This is necessary to minimize selection bias and ensure that the treatment groups are comparable at the start of the study. Matching participants on demographic characteristics is a possible strategy, but it is not sufficient to establish causal effects. External validity can be important, but it depends on the research question and the level of generalization that is sought.

In a Randomized Controlled Trial