Which of the following are considered normal processes and changes in the urinary system that occur with aging in older adults? Select all that apply.
A) The number of functional nephrons decreases with age.
B) The volume of urine that the bladder can hold lessens with age.
C) Increased pelvic floor muscle tone contributes to incontinence.
D) Loss of bladder elasticity leads to urinary retention.
E) Prostate enlargement causes urinary incontinence.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The size and functioning of the kidneys begin to decrease at about age 50,and by age 80 only about two-thirds of the functioning nephrons remain.This results in a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR),which affects the ability to dilute and concentrate urine,but does not normally create problems unless an illness alters fluid balance.Additionally,the volume of urine within the bladder decreases because of a loss of elasticity in the bladder wall; thus,older adults need to urinate more frequently,especially during the night.Loss of elasticity and muscle tone also decrease the ability of the bladder to empty completely,leading to urinary retention.Pelvic floor muscle tone decreases,rather than increases,contributing to incontinence.Prostate enlargement causes urinary frequency and hesitancy,not incontinence.

Which of the Following Are Considered Normal Processes and Changes