France Has 14 Million Smokers

France has 14 million smokers.More important,smokers in France are closely associated with the French culture.To reduce the number of smokers in the nation,the French government has increased the costs of cigarettes to a price 20 times greater than that charged in any other nation in the European Union.They are making cigarettes less affordable and reducing the discretionary income (or possibly the disposable income) of people who continue smoking.In terms of reinforcement theory,what is the French government trying to use to get people to quit smoking?

A) avoidance learning
B) expectancy modification
C) negative reinforcement
D) punishment