What Is the Biomechanical Cause of a Boutonnière Deformity

What is the biomechanical cause of a Boutonnière deformity?

A) Overstretching of the volar plate (palmar plate) and bowstringing of the lateral bands of the extensor hood mechanism
B) Volar displacement of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon, causing a flexion force at the wrist joint
C) Rupture of the central band (central slip) of the extensor hood mechanism, causing the lateral bands to slip in a volar direction at the PIP joint
D) Overstretching or rupture of the collateral ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints