When Listening to Heart Sounds, the Nurse Expects to Hear

When listening to heart sounds, the nurse expects to hear S1 and S2. The presence of an additional sound immediately following S2 is called ________, which can result from ________.

A) S3, a stenotic mitral valve.
B) S4, increased resistance to ventricular filling.
C) S4, inflammation of the pericardial sac.
D) S3, myocardial failure.