The Nurse Is Assessing a 65-Year-Old Patient Who Has Smoked

The nurse is assessing a 65-year-old patient who has smoked a pack of cigarettes a day for the past 40 years.The nurse identifies the following findings indicating that the patient likely has emphysema: (Select all that apply.)

A) Decreased breath sounds with extended expirations
B) Respirations 10 breaths/minute
C) Diaphragmatic excursion 5 cm equal bilaterally
D) Heart sounds are muffled
E) Crackles auscultated throughout lung fields
F) Costal angle greater than 90 degrees