In Assessing for S₄ with a Stethoscope, the Nurse Would

In assessing for S₄ with a stethoscope, the nurse would listen with the:

A) Bell of the stethoscope at the base with the patient leaning forward
B) Bell of the stethoscope at the apex with the patient in the left lateral position
C) Diaphragm of the stethoscope in the aortic area with the patient sitting
D) Diaphragm of the stethoscope in the pulmonic area with the patient supine