During a health history interview with an 88-year-old female patient and daughter who is the caregiver, the nurse notes that the daughter appears stressed and her responses are abrupt.The nurse uses STOPHARM to:

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• The mnemonic (STOP HARM) can help detect, diagnose, and manage elder abuse:
o Screen for abuse in all older adult patients
o Think about risk factors
o Ominous danger signs present?
o Physical findings
o History
o Address issue of elder abuse
o Report to adult protective services
o Manage with prevention and risk factor modification
• The Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Capabilities, Environment and Social (PIECES) program was developed for all health care providers to enhance understanding of and care for patients with complex physical and cognitive/mental health needs and behavioural changes.
• The Katz Index of ADL is based on the concept of physical disability and was intended to measure physical function in older adults and chronically ill patients.
• The Duke Social Support and Stress Scale is a measure of a patient's perceptions of support and stress in family and nonfamily relationships.

During a Health History Interview with an 88-Year-Old Female Patient