Messner and Rosenfeld's theory of institutional anomie argues that crime is a function of American society's emphasis on material wealth,but less emphasis on legitimate means of achieving that success.

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Messner and Rosenfeld's institutional anomie theory posits that the cultural value of material success in American society leads to a weakened emphasis on legitimate means of achieving that success (such as hard work and education), which ultimately contributes to higher crime rates.

Messner and Rosenfeld's Theory of Institutional Anomie Argues That Crime