Olivia Is Punished for Spilling Her Cereal

Olivia is punished for spilling her cereal.Her parents give her a spanking and send her to her room where she cries.Later,her puppy makes a mess on the floor.Olivia kicks her puppy and puts it out in the yard,where it whines sadly.Which of the following statements explains her behaviour toward the puppy?

A) Olivia is correctly applying Skinnerian principles of negative reinforcement to change her dog's behaviour.
B) Olivia is using punishment by removal to change the dog's behaviour.
C) Olivia is modelling the aggressive behaviour her parents demonstrated to her.
D) Olivia is applying punishment by application to change the dog's behaviour.