When a person lacks motivation to act after exposure to unpleasant events over which he feels he has not control, he is probably experiencing:

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Learned helplessness is a psychological state that results from repeated exposure to unpleasant events over which the individual believes they have no control. This can lead to feelings of hopelessness and a lack of motivation to take action or change their circumstances. Learned aversion (B) is a term used in behavioral psychology to describe a negative association between a previously neutral stimulus and an unpleasant outcome. Proactive depression (C) and nuchal rigidity (D) are not recognized psychological terms. Erickson's industry versus inferiority stage of moral development (E) is a developmental stage in which children focus on developing their sense of competence and accomplishment, and is not directly related to learned helplessness.

When a Person Lacks Motivation to Act After Exposure to Unpleasant