The psychoanalyst knows that repressed information is just "below the surface" of the conversation when the patient begins to experience:

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Resistance is a defense mechanism that patients use to protect themselves from repressed information. When a patient resists discussing a particular topic or becomes defensive, it indicates that there is important information lurking just below the surface. This is why psychoanalysts interpret resistance and encourage patients to explore the content they are resisting. Free association and dream interpretation are techniques used to bring repressed material to the surface, while transference refers to the patient's transfer of emotions and feelings onto the therapist. However, neither of these specifically indicate that repressed information is beneath the surface of the conversation.

The Psychoanalyst Knows That Repressed Information Is Just "Below the Surface