Question 1

According to Albert Ellis,we become unhappy and depressed about events because of:

Accepted Answer

According to Albert Ellis and his cognitive behavioral therapy approach, our thoughts and beliefs about events (not the events themselves) are what lead to emotional distress. Ellis believed that it is not events themselves that cause us to be unhappy or depressed, but rather it is our irrational beliefs or thoughts about those events that affect our emotions and behaviors.

Question 2

Sigmund Freud arrives for a therapy session with Albert Ellis.Freud's main complaint is depression; it seems that Freud's writings have not received the kind of response he had hoped for and expected.What is Ellis most likely to say during the therapy session?

Accepted Answer

Ellis is known for his rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), which focuses on identifying irrational beliefs and replacing them with rational ones. In this case, Freud's belief that all of his work should be well-received is irrational, and Ellis is likely to challenge this belief and help Freud develop more rational thinking. Option A is incorrect because Ellis is not likely to focus on Freud's dreams as the root of his depression without first examining his thoughts and beliefs. Option B is partly correct but does not address the root of Freud's distress. Option C is unlikely, as REBT does not rely on medical or physical tests to address psychological issues.

Question 3

Which of the following is a basic goal of cognitive-behavioural therapy?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioural therapy aims to help clients identify and change irrational and negative thought patterns that contribute to their problems. This focuses on the present and the client's current thoughts and behaviours, rather than unconscious conflicts or past experiences. Therefore, the only choice that aligns with this goal is C.

Question 4

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating beliefs.She uses persuasion,confrontation,arguments,and even homework assignments to challenge those beliefs.She is probably a ______ therapist.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's use of persuasion, confrontation, arguments, and homework assignments to challenge irrational and self-defeating beliefs is typical of the principles of rational-emotive therapy. This approach aims to help individuals recognize their irrational beliefs and restructure them in a more rational and adaptive way. In contrast, biomedical therapy focuses on using medication to treat mental health disorders, person-centered therapy emphasizes creating a non-judgmental and empathetic therapeutic relationship, and psychoanalytic therapy involves exploring unconscious conflicts and past experiences to gain insight into present behavior.

Question 5

Therapies that focus on the present and assume that people observe the world and the people around them,make assumptions and inferences based on these observations,and then decide how to respond is called:

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioural therapy focuses on how people perceive and interpret situations, which then affects their behaviour and emotions in the present. This approach assumes that individuals observe their surroundings and make decisions based on their interpretation of the situation.

Question 6

Rational-emotive therapy is a type of ______ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive therapy is a type of cognitive-behavioural therapy, which focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns that may be impacting an individual's emotions and behaviours. The therapy was developed by psychologist Albert Ellis, and it emphasizes the importance of rational thinking and self-talk in reducing emotional distress.

Question 7

____________therapies have had considerable success in treating many types of disorders,including depression,stress disorders,anxiety disorders,and even some of the behavioural symptoms of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive and cognitive-behavioural therapies have been widely used and have demonstrated success in treating a range of disorders, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. These therapies focus on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviours that contribute to psychological distress. While humanistic and psychoanalytic therapies may have some benefits, they are not as widely used or supported by empirical research as cognitive and cognitive-behavioural therapies. Biomedical therapies generally involve medication and other medical treatment options for psychological disorders and are not as effective in treating all types of disorders as cognitive and cognitive-behavioural therapies.

Question 8

Allen,who has a drug abuse problem,is MOST likely to be successfully treated by:

Accepted Answer

Behaviour therapy has been found to be the most effective in treating drug abuse because it focuses on changing specific problematic behaviours and helping the individual learn new coping skills. Psychoanalysis, family therapy, and Gestalt therapy may address underlying psychological issues, but they may not be as effective in directly addressing and changing drug abuse behaviours.

Question 9

Which of the following is one of the criticisms of behaviour therapy?

Accepted Answer

The criticism that behavior therapy only relieves some symptoms of schizophrenia but does not treat the overall disorder is a valid one. Therapy for schizophrenia usually requires a multidisciplinary approach and behavior therapy alone may fall short in addressing all aspects of the disorder.

Question 10

Azdah's teenage son fails his mathematics exam due to lack of studying.She immediately assumes that it is her fault.Azdah is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

Azdah is personalizing her son's failure and blaming herself for it, even though it may not be entirely her fault. She is taking full responsibility for something that may have other contributing factors.

Question 11

Which of the following is one of the criticisms of cognitive and cognitive-behavioural therapies?

Accepted Answer

One criticism of cognitive and cognitive-behavioural therapies is that they focus on treating the symptom rather than the root cause of the problem. This can lead to potential relapse or the need for long-term therapy.

Question 12

A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating thoughts.Her goal is to help her client change these thoughts into more rational,helpful,positive thoughts.In addition,she wants to help her client develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems.She is probably a ______________ therapist.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is challenging irrational thoughts and helping the client develop coping strategies, which are both key components of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Person-centered therapists focus on creating a non-judgmental, empathetic environment for clients to explore their thoughts and emotions, while psychoanalytic therapists focus on exploring a client's unconscious motivations and past experiences. Gestalt therapists use experiential techniques to help clients gain insight and self-awareness.

Question 13

Your friend has applied to several medical schools.After receiving one rejection letter,she concludes that she will not be admitted to any school and feels depressed.Your friend is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

Your friend is overgeneralizing based on one rejection letter and concluding that she will not be admitted to any medical school. This is a common thinking error that can lead to negative emotions and decreased motivation.

Question 14

DeMario's wife,Marta,asks him if he wants some help cutting the grass and weeding the garden.He declines the offer and feels "blue" for the rest of the day because he keeps thinking,Marta thinks I am getting older and losing my physical abilities.What type of cognitive distortion is involved here?

Accepted Answer

The answer of DeMario's wife,Marta,asks him if he wants some...

Question 15

Which of these clients is the most likely candidate for Aaron Beck's form of cognitive therapy?

Accepted Answer

Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy is primarily used to treat depression by helping the client identify and change negative thinking patterns. The other disorders mentioned (mania, schizophrenia, dissociative identity disorder) may require different forms of treatment.

Question 16

In which form of therapy does the therapist take a directive role,challenging clients when they make "my way or nothing" statements?

Accepted Answer

Rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy that takes a directive approach. The therapist actively challenges and confronts clients' irrational beliefs and self-defeating behaviors, including those expressed in "my way or nothing" statements.

Question 17

Which approach assumes that disorders come from illogical,irrational cognitions and that changing the thinking patterns to more rational,logical ones will relieve the symptoms of the disorder?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive-behavioural approach emphasizes the role of thinking patterns in the development and maintenance of psychological disorders. It posits that illogical and irrational cognitions can lead to negative emotional states and maladaptive behaviours. Therefore, the approach suggests changing these thinking patterns to more rational and logical ones to relieve symptoms of the disorder.

Question 18

Therapy that depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs is ______ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing distorted thinking patterns and beliefs that contribute to negative emotions and behaviors. Psychoanalytic therapy focuses on uncovering unconscious conflicts and experiences from the past. Behavior therapy focuses on changing specific behaviors through conditioning techniques. Person-centered therapy emphasizes creating a supportive and non-judgmental environment for the client to explore their own feelings and experiences.

Question 19

Beck's cognitive therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of:

Accepted Answer

Beck's cognitive therapy is specifically designed to treat depression by identifying and changing negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to feelings of hopelessness and sadness. While it may also be used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, and other conditions, it has been shown to be particularly effective in treating depression.

Question 20

Which of the following is an advantage of behaviour therapy?

Accepted Answer

Behaviour therapy is focused on changing behaviour rather than exploring the underlying causes of psychological disorders. It is known for its quick and efficient approach to reducing symptoms. This is because it focuses on specific behaviours that can be targeted and modified, often through well-established techniques such as exposure therapy or reinforcement. While it may not address the root causes of a disorder, it can be very effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life for those affected by psychological disorders.

Quiz 14: Psychological Therapies