The exhaustion of remedies doctrine requires that state and administrative remedies beexhausted before a § 1983 action may be filed.

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The exhaustion of remedies doctrine generally applies to administrative remedies, but § 1983 actions, which allow individuals to sue state and local governments for civil rights violations, do not require the exhaustion of state remedies before proceeding in federal court.

The Exhaustion of Remedies Doctrine Requires That State and Administrative