Ekman has argued that facial expressions of primary emotions are innate based on:

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Ekman argues that facial expressions of primary emotions are universal and distinct across cultures, and that even blind individuals display these expressions. This suggests that these expressions are innate rather than learned through socialization or cultural influence. The observations of deaf and dumb individuals and healthy infants may also support this argument, but the most convincing evidence comes from the universality of these expressions across cultures and even in those with disabilities.

Ekman Has Argued That Facial Expressions of Primary Emotions Are