According to Vygotsky,the difference between what a child can do independently and what a child can do with assistance defines the zone of proximal development.

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This is the basic idea of Vygotsky's concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD). It refers to the range of activities that a child can perform with the help of a more competent person or with some form of guided instruction, but cannot yet do alone. The ZPD is seen as a crucial area for learning as it indicates the skills and knowledge that are just beyond the child's current developmental level, but can be achieved with appropriate support and guidance.

According to Vygotsky,the Difference Between What a Child Can Do