Which of the following is true of the universality studies conducted independently by Sylvan Tomkins (Tomkins & McCarter,1964),Paul Ekman,and Wallace Friesen (Ekman,1972)and Carroll Izard (1971)?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The universality studies conducted independently by Sylvan Tomkins, Paul Ekman, and Wallace Friesen, and Carroll Izard demonstrated the pancultural universality of facial expressions of emotion. These studies showed that people all over the world display the same facial expressions to express basic emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. The studies did not include the emotions of envy, trust, acceptance, pride, and shame as options for universal emotions. The number of studies included in the universality study series was not specified. Lastly, while the universality studies did involve investigating the facial expressions of infants, they did not find that infants display relatively undifferentiated facial expressions of negative emotions.

Which of the Following Is True of the Universality Studies