An approach to defining abnormality focuses on whether an individual's behavior is associated with impairment,inefficiency,deviance,or subjective distress when carrying out customary roles.

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This approach is known as the "four Ds" and is commonly used by psychologists to determine whether a particular behavior is abnormal or not. The four Ds stand for dysfunction, distress, deviance, and danger. The presence of one or more of these factors is often used to indicate that a behavior may be abnormal.

An Approach to Defining Abnormality Focuses on Whether an Individual's