The first civilization was established in Mesopotamia by the

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The Sumerians were the first to establish a civilization in Mesopotamia, which is in modern-day Iraq. They developed a system of writing, created complex irrigation systems, and built large cities like Ur and Uruk. The Babylonians and Hebrews emerged later and built upon the foundations laid by the Sumerians. The term Semites refers to a larger group of people who speak a common language and includes both Babylonians and Hebrews, among others.

The First Civilization Was Established in Mesopotamia by the