Dierdre smokes a pack of Marlboro Reds every day. Social psychologists would say that this is a self-defeating behavior ____.
A) only if Dierdre is aware of the health risks associated with smoking
B) only if Dierdre gets sick or dies as a direct result of smoking
C) only if Dierdre is aware of the health risks associated with smoking AND gets sick or dies as a direct result of smoking
D) regardless of what Dierdre is aware of the health risks or whether she gets sick

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Social psychologists would consider smoking a self-defeating behavior regardless of whether Dierdre is aware of the health risks or eventually gets sick as a result of smoking. This is because self-defeating behaviors are those that ultimately have negative consequences for the individual performing the behavior. The negative consequences of smoking are well documented and include increased risk of cancer, heart disease, and other health problems.

Dierdre Smokes a Pack of Marlboro Reds Every Day