Why Does the Backward Flow of Stomach Contents into the Esophagus

Why does the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus cause tissue damage?

A) No digestive processes occur in the esophagus.
B) The esophagus does not have the thick gel-like mucus to protect it from acid.
C) The esophagus secretes only bicarbonate,which is not strong enough to neutralize stomach acids.
D) The esophagus cannot expand with extra volume and the excessive stretching damages the muscle layer.