Which assessment findings lead the nurse to conclude that the patient has had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)for many years?

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Clubbed nails are an indicator of chronic lack of oxygen and COPD.The patient with COPD has difficulty exhaling air so the chest takes on a rounded,barrel shape over time.As the airways and alveoli become damaged,the patient becomes short of breath with minimal activity.Soft,spongy gums that bleed easily indicate lack of vitamin C.Splinter hemorrhages under the nails are caused by minor trauma or endocarditis.

Which Assessment Findings Lead the Nurse to Conclude That the Patient