According to Donald Kuratko and Michael Goldsby, which of the following discourages the entrepreneurial middle manager from taking risks and innovating?
A) Systems and policies that encourage inconsistent, spontaneous behavior
B) Controls that discourage micromanagement
C) Simplified approval cycles with no documentation
D) Top-down management and lack of delegated authority

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Top-down management and lack of delegated authority discourage the entrepreneurial middle manager from taking risks and innovating because they do not have the freedom and flexibility to make decisions and implement new ideas without approval from higher-ups. This can stifle creativity and prevent the middle manager from acting on opportunities or taking risks that could benefit the organization.

According to Donald Kuratko and Michael Goldsby, Which of the Following