Which of the Following Most Accurately Defines the Term Tracking

Which of the following most accurately defines the term tracking?

A) The difference in academic performance that shows up in grades, standardized test scores, and college completion rates
B) Formal training and instruction provided in a classroom setting
C) A collection of school practices that transmit nonacademic knowledge, values, attitudes, norms, and beliefs
D) The assignment of students to specific educational programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability
E) An emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that people have certain skills, educational attainment levels, or job qualifications