The philosopher Immanuel Kant based many of his arguments on transcendental inferences.
A commonplace example of such an inference is a

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Transcendental inferences often involve reasoning backwards from observable effects or phenomena to the conditions that must be necessary for such effects or phenomena to exist. This is precisely what physicists do when inferring the attributes of particles such as electrons from the visible effects that they produce. Kant himself used the example of the "Copernican Revolution," in which he argued that we must infer the conditions necessary for our subjective experience of the world, rather than assuming that the world itself conforms to our subjective experience.

The Philosopher Immanuel Kant Based Many of His Arguments on Transcendental