Refer to the above payoff matrix for the profits (in $ millions) of two firms (X and Y) making a decision to advertise or not. Which of the following is the outcome of the dominant strategy without cooperation?

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In a dominant strategy without cooperation, each firm chooses the strategy that maximizes its own payoff regardless of what the other firm chooses. In this case, both firm X and firm Y have a dominant strategy to advertise, as this yields a higher payoff than not advertising regardless of what the other firm chooses. Therefore, the outcome of the dominant strategy without cooperation is that both firm X and firm Y choose to advertise.

Refer to the Above Payoff Matrix for the Profits (In