How Is Voter Turnout Most Likely Affected by Negative Campaigning

How is voter turnout most likely affected by negative campaigning?

A) Voter turnout is likely higher,because many voters are familiar with the opposing candidates' weaknesses and want to ensure they lose.
B) Voter turnout is likely higher,because the brain remembers negative messages better than positive ones.
C) Voter turnout is likely lower,because many potential voters conclude that all politicians are dirty.
D) Voter turnout is likely lower,because many potential voters conclude that America needs more than two political parties.