What Phenomenon Partly Explains Johnson's Victory in 1964,Nixon's Victory in 1972,and

What phenomenon partly explains Johnson's victory in 1964,Nixon's victory in 1972,and Reagan's victory in 1984?

A) voters rewarding the incumbent's party when they think the government in general is doing a good job
B) voters rewarding the challenger's party when they think the government in general is doing a bad job
C) voters punishing the incumbent's party when they think the government in general is doing a bad job
D) voters generally flip-flopping between parties to show their dissatisfaction with the two-party system