The four self-protective mechanisms that were proposed by Horney:

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The four self-protective mechanisms that were proposed by Horney are all defense mechanisms that defend against basic anxiety, which is the pervasive feeling of loneliness and helplessness that arises in childhood. These mechanisms include moving toward others, moving against others, moving away from others, and turning against the self. They are not related to a drive for perfection, providing happiness and pleasure, or guaranteeing basic needs such as food, shelter, warmth, and love.

The Four Self-Protective Mechanisms That Were Proposed by Horney