Question 1

Cattell worked with the prominent American psychologist _____.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 2

Source traits are:

Accepted Answer

Source traits are the basic factors of personality and are believed to be stable and enduring over time. They are the underlying traits that give rise to surface traits, which are more visible and specific behaviors. Source traits are also composed of several elements, but they are considered to be stable and fundamental aspects of an individual's personality.

Question 3

Personality characteristics that correlate with one another but do not constitute a factor are called:

Accepted Answer

Surface traits are specific personality characteristics that are observed to correlate with one another, but they do not necessarily constitute an underlying factor or dimension of personality. Instead, surface traits represent the specific behaviors, attitudes, and reactions that are associated with a particular personality characteristic. Examples of surface traits might include friendliness, emotional stability, or conscientiousness. While these traits tend to be correlated with one another, they may not all be associated with the same underlying dimension of personality.

Question 4

_____ traits are the driving forces for behavior.

Accepted Answer

Dynamic traits are the driving forces for behavior. These traits refer to those aspects of personality that motivate or inspire individuals to act in a particular way. They are often influenced by a person's interactions with their environment and experiences, and they can change over time. Temperament (A) refers to the innate, biologically-based aspects of a person's personality, while guiding (C) and modal (D) are not commonly used terms in personality psychology.

Question 5

Factor analysis is a:

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is a statistical technique used to analyze the relationships between multiple variables and identify underlying factors or dimensions that explain these relationships. It can be used to explore complex data and reduce the number of variables in a study, making it a valuable tool in many fields such as psychology, sociology, and marketing research. Options A, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of factor analysis.

Question 6

Spearman used factor analysis to measure mental abilities,whereas Cattell resolved to apply the method to the structure of:

Accepted Answer

Cattell resolved to apply factor analysis to the structure of personality, and he developed his own theory of personality based on this approach.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about Cattell's approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

Cattell's approach to personality was based on rigorous scientific methods, particularly factor analysis. He conducted extensive studies to identify and measure the underlying dimensions of personality traits, and his work laid the foundation for many personality tests and assessments that are still in use today. His approach was less clinical and more experimental than some other approaches to personality.

Question 8

Factor analysis is based on:

Accepted Answer

Factor analysis is a statistical method that examines the relationships or correlations between several measures to identify underlying factors that can explain the variation in the measures. It is used to reduce a large number of variables into a smaller number of factors, making it easier to interpret the data. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect because factor analysis does not involve clinical analysis of case studies. Choice C is incorrect because free association is a psychoanalytic technique used in therapy, not a statistical method. Choice D is incorrect because factor analysis does not involve the analysis of life history factors.

Question 9

In Cattell's system,the mental elements of personality are called:

Accepted Answer

In Cattell's system, the mental elements of personality are called traits. Traits are enduring personality characteristics that can be measured and used to describe individual differences in behavior.

Question 10

Cattel was interested in:

Accepted Answer

Cattel was primarily interested in studying the personality of normal people, rather than treating abnormal behavior or changing the personalities of unhappy individuals.

Question 11

Cattell's childhood was characterized by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cattell's childhood was characterized by:
...

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the life of William Cattell?

Accepted Answer

The passage states that William Cattell's life was characterized by "intense dedication to and total absorption in his work." The other options are not mentioned or supported in the passage.

Question 13

Cattell's goal in studying personality was to:

Accepted Answer

Cattell's main goal in studying personality was to predict behavior, and he developed various measures, such as the 16PF, to do so. He did not focus on exploring the unconscious, changing behavior, or treating emotionally disturbed individuals.

Question 14

Which of the following traits describe the general style and emotional tone of our behavior and affect the ways we act and react to situations?

Accepted Answer

Temperament traits are the general style and emotional tone of our behavior that affect the ways we act and react to situations. Ability traits refer to specific skills and talents, unique traits are individual qualities that set us apart from others, and dynamic traits are those that change and evolve over time.

Question 15

According to Cattell,which of the following statements is true of traits?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are correct according to Cattell's theory of personality. Traits are considered relatively permanent reaction tendencies, they are the basic structural units of personality, and they are derived through the use of factor analysis.

Question 16

Cattell used _____ for treatment of the data.

Accepted Answer

Cattell used factor analysis for treatment of the data. He developed a statistical method that allowed him to identify underlying factors, or traits, that could explain an individual's behavior. This method helped him to develop his theory of personality, which included 16 key traits.

Question 17

According to Cattell's conclusion,if two measures showed a high correlation,then:

Accepted Answer

If two measures showed a high correlation, it indicates that they measure similar or related aspects of personality. However, it does not necessarily mean they can be safely combined to form a trait.

Question 18

Why did Cattell aim just to study the personality of normal people?

Accepted Answer

Cattell believed that it would be wise to understand personality fully before attempting to treat it. Therefore, he aimed to study the personality of normal people instead of those with mental illness.

Question 19

During his formal training in psychology,Cattell worked with:

Accepted Answer

Cattell worked under Charles E. Spearman at University College London, where he learned about factor analysis and its application to intelligence testing.

Question 20

In the context of Cattell's classification of traits,characteristics such as intelligence and gregariousness are examples of _____ traits.

Accepted Answer

Common traits, according to Cattell's classification, are those that can be found within a population and can be measured across individuals, such as intelligence and gregariousness.

Quiz 8: Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck, The Five-Factor Theory, Hexaco, and the Dark Triad