In the Context of Property Rights, Which of the Following

In the context of property rights, which of the following best exemplifies private action?

A) Levying excessive taxes
B) Requiring expensive licenses or state permits from private property holders
C) Taking assets into state ownership without compensating the owners
D) Government bureaucrats demanding bribes from businesses in return for the rights to operate in a country
E) Business owners stealing their competitors' trade secrets and intellectual properties