To address Canadian concerns regarding criminal responsibility,what essential element is included in the textbook definition of criminal behaviour taken from Bartol and Bartol (2008)?

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The essential element included in the definition of criminal behaviour taken from Bartol and Bartol (2008) is intent. This is important in determining criminal responsibility as it refers to the individual's conscious decision and knowledge of the consequences of their actions, which is a necessary component in most criminal offenses. Cultural norms may influence behavior but are not necessarily tied to criminal responsibility. Distal and proximal causes refer to the underlying factors that may contribute to criminal behavior but do not necessarily speak to the question of intentionality.

To Address Canadian Concerns Regarding Criminal Responsibility,what Essential Element Is