In mitochondria,the proton-motive force is due largely to:

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The proton-motive force in mitochondria is largely due to a voltage gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is generated by the transfer of electrons along the electron transport chain, which pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, creating a higher concentration of protons and a more positive charge on the outside of the membrane. This separation of charge generates a voltage gradient that drives the ATP synthase to produce ATP.

In Mitochondria,the Proton-Motive Force Is Due Largely To