Vertical zonation on rocky shores is mostly the result of differences in tolerance to:

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Vertical zonation on rocky shores is primarily due to differences in tolerance to exposure to air and sun during low tide. Species that can tolerate being exposed to air and sun for longer periods of time are found higher up on the shore, while species that cannot tolerate as much exposure are found lower down. Wave action, predation, light, and salinity may also play a role in vertical zonation, but exposure is the primary factor.

Vertical Zonation on Rocky Shores Is Mostly the Result of Differences