The shallow part of the continental margin that is closer to land and is a critical marine habitat because light can reach all the way to the bottom in most of it is known as:

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The description fits the definition of the continental shelf, which is the shallow part of the continental margin that is closer to land and is a critical marine habitat because light can reach all the way to the bottom in most of it. The shelf break marks the transition between the continental shelf and the continental slope, which leads down to the deeper abyssal plain. The continental rise is a feature of the ocean floor beyond the continental slope, where sediment accumulates at the base of the slope.

The Shallow Part of the Continental Margin That Is Closer