Persistent chronic pain produces a physiologic response similar to that of acute pain.

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Individuals often psychologically respond to acute pain with fear (e.g., fear of diagnosis, fear of continued pain), anxiety, and a general sense of unpleasantness or unease. Chronic pain is often associated with a sense of hopelessness and helplessness as relief becomes more elusive and the timeframe more protracted. The pain is perceived as meaningless, and depression is often a concomitant finding, as either a result of the chronic pain state or as a contributor to its development.

Persistent Chronic Pain Produces a Physiologic Response Similar to That