What pathologic changes occur in Graves' disease?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder in which high levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) lead to stimulation of the thyroid gland, causing an overproduction of thyroid hormone. TSI bind to and activate thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors (TSHR), leading to increased production and secretion of thyroid hormone.

Answer: C
 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and normally regulates the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. In Graves' disease, the immune system produces antibodies that mimic the action of TSH, stimulating the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormone.

Answer: D
 Thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) is a protein that binds to and transports thyroid hormones throughout the body. In Graves' disease, there is no direct stimulation of TBG production, but the excess thyroid hormone can lead to increased TBG synthesis, resulting in elevated levels of bound thyroid hormone in the blood.

B is an incorrect choice because TRH does not directly stimulate the thyroid gland in Graves' disease.

What Pathologic Changes Occur in Graves' Disease