Pernicious anemia (PA)is characterized by:

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Pernicious anemia (PA)is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12 that results from the patient's inability to secrete intrinsic factor.In most cases of PA,anti-IF or antiparietal antibodies have been found.Most authorities consider the demonstration of these antibodies to support the theory that PA is an autoimmune disorder.The presence of IF-blocking antibodies is diagnostic of PA.Antibodies can be demonstrated in about 60% of cases.

Pernicious Anemia (PA)is Characterized By