In 2017,some Banks in Europe Had to Make Interest Payments

In 2017,some banks in Europe had to make interest payments to borrowers rather than receive interest payments from borrowers.Which of the following statements describes this situation?

A) For these banks,the loans increased required reserves.
B) These banks were receiving negative nominal interest rates on these loans.
C) For these banks,the loans were liabilities instead of assets.
D) All of the above are correct.