In modern proteomic analysis the amino acid sequence of a protein can be determined by

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Mass spectrometry is a widely used technique for protein identification and sequencing in modern proteomic analysis. It involves breaking down the protein into smaller fragments and analyzing the mass-to-charge ratio of these fragments, which can be used to determine the amino acid sequence of the protein. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis can be used to separate proteins based on their charge and size, but it does not provide direct sequencing information. Determining the nucleotide sequence of a protein requires DNA sequencing, which may not be feasible for all proteins. Protein chips with appropriate probes can be used for protein profiling but do not provide direct sequencing information.

In Modern Proteomic Analysis the Amino Acid Sequence of a Protein