A Careful Review of Many Studies of Physical Punishment Led

A careful review of many studies of physical punishment led to the conclusion(s) that

A) parents who have warm relations with their children and use mild physical punishment with preschool children do not place their children at risk for long-term harm.
B) parents who use even mild punishment with children of any age put them at risk for long-term harm.
C) parents who use physical punishment do so because they don't know better methods.
D) parents who use severe punishment with children over five do not put their children at risk for long-term harm.