Government and private-sector policies that discriminated against minorities and gave Whites advantages are described by Oliver and Shapiro as

Question

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Oliver and Shapiro specifically use the term "racialization of the state" to describe policies and practices that created and reinforced racial inequality, such as redlining and discriminatory lending practices. This term encompasses both government policies and actions taken by the private sector. White entitlement refers more specifically to the attitudes and beliefs of White individuals regarding their entitlement to privilege and benefits based on their racial identity. Jim Crow laws were a specific set of legal codes and practices that enforced racial segregation and discrimination primarily in the Southern United States. Governmental discrimination is too broad and vague to be the best answer in this context.

Government and Private-Sector Policies That Discriminated Against Minorities and Gave